A scientist is someone who conducts scientific research to advance knowledge in an area of interest.
In classical antiquity, there was no real ancient analog of a modern scientist. Instead, philosophers engaged in the philosophical study of nature called natural philosophy, a precursor of natural science. It was not until the 19th century that the term scientist came into regular use after it was coined by the theologian, philosopher, and historian of science William Whewell in 1833, to describe the noted polymath Mary Somerville.
In modern times, many scientists have advanced degrees in an area of science and pursue careers in various sectors of the economy such as academia, industry, government, and nonprofit environments.
Soil Scientist studies, investigates, and conducts experiments on different soil/plant types to determine use capabilities of soils, and effects of alternative practices on soil productivity. Applies a wide range concepts, practices, and procedures from two or more specialized fields of science, such as agronomy, soil science, forestry, or agriculture. Being a Soil Scientist may require a bachelor's degree in agricultural sciences or a related field with at least 5 years of work experience. May direct the work of a small group of employees. Additionally, Soil Scientist relies on experience and judgment to plan and accomplish goals. Typically reports to a senior manager and may be considered the lead for a specific area or unit.
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Animal Scientist I conducts research, and analyzes and experiments on the selection, breeding, feeding, management, and marketing of animals. Determines and evaluates their applications to scientific study. Being an Animal Scientist I requires a degree in animal science. May be expected to have an advanced degree in area of specialty with 0-2 years of experience. Additionally, Animal Scientist I has knowledge of commonly-used concepts, practices, and procedures within a particular field. Relies on instructions and pre-established guidelines to perform the functions of the job. Works under immediate supervision. Primary job functions do not typically require exercising independent judgment. Typically reports to a project manager.
The Plant Scientist applies a wide range of concepts, practices, and procedures within a specific field of specialization. Studies all aspects of plant life. Being a Plant Scientist works under minimum supervision. May require a bachelor's degree in biological sciences. In addition, Plant Scientist assignments are broad and complex in nature. Typically reports to a manager or head of the unit.