A distribution system operator (DSO) plays a crucial role in managing and overseeing the distribution of electricity or gas within a specific area. Their responsibilities include ensuring the reliability and efficiency of the distribution network, maintaining infrastructure, and facilitating the integration of renewable energy sources. Additionally, DSOs are tasked with monitoring energy flows, managing grid stability, and providing customer service to end-users. In summary, the distribution system operator is essential for the effective management of energy distribution networks. They are responsible for maintaining the reliability and efficiency of these systems, overseeing infrastructure, and integrating renewable energy sources. Furthermore, they monitor energy flows, ensure grid stability, and offer customer support to users.