Yes, landlords in the USA are required to pay taxes on the rental income they earn from leasing properties. This income must be reported on their federal tax returns, typically using Schedule E of Form 1040. Landlords can also deduct various expenses related to property management, such as mortgage interest, property taxes, maintenance costs, insurance, and depreciation, which can significantly reduce their taxable income. For cash basis taxpayers, rental income is reported in the year it is received, regardless of when the rent was actually earned or due. Proper record-keeping and understanding of allowable deductions are essential for landlords to comply with tax laws and accurately report their income.