Data Science Engineer Salary in Arkansas

How much does a Data Science Engineer make in Arkansas?

As of April 01, 2026, the average salary for a Data Science Engineer in Arkansas is $133,878 per year, which breaks down to an hourly rate of $64.

However, a Data Science Engineer's salary can vary significantly. Here’s a look at the typical salary range:

Top Earners (90th percentile): $154,941
Majority Range (25th-75th percentile): $124,517 to $144,904
Entry-Level (10th percentile): $115,993

Compensation Planning

Develop a Job Description

Pay Equity

2025 Compensation Trend

Recruit with AI

AI-Powered HR

Salary Salary + Bonus Benefits

View as table

Data Science Engineer Salaries by Percentile

	Annual Salary	Monthly Pay	Weekly Pay	Hourly Wage
75th Percentile	$144,904	$12,075	$2,787	$70
Average	$133,878	$11,157	$2,575	$64
25th Percentile	$124,517	$10,376	$2,395	$60

You may get higher pay by adjusting the following factors:

Change Search Criteria

Check out Data Science Engineer Job Openings in Arkansas

Materials Science Engineer

Tribonet - Rogers, AR

Lead Data Science for Perishable First-Mile Analytics

Walmart Canada - Bentonville, AR

Data Science GA — Teaching & Labs

Starshopper - Fayetteville, AR

Cognizant - Bentonville, AR

Search More Data Science Engineer Jobs in Arkansas

Key Factors That Influence Data Science Engineer Salaries

A Data Science Engineer's salary isn't a fixed number. It's shaped by several important factors. Below, we'll explore how your years of experience, geographic location and company size can directly affect your earning potential.

How Experience Level Affects Data Science Engineer Salaries?

Experience is a primary driver of a Data Science Engineer's salary. As you build your skills and take on more complex tasks, your compensation generally increases. Here's how the average salary grows at different career stages:

Entry-Level (less than 1 year): $163,320
Early Career (1-2 years): $105,477
Mid-Level (2-4 years): $133,068
Senior-Level (5-8 years): $173,704
Expert (over 8 years): $211,876

Levels	Salary
Data Scie... Level Data Science Engineer	$163,320
Data Scie... Level Data Science Engineer	$105,477
Data Scie... Level Data Science Engineer	$133,068
Data Scie... Level Data Science Engineer	$173,704
Data Scie... Level Data Science Engineer	$211,876

View as Graph

What Am I Worth?

How Do Data Science Engineer Salaries Vary from State to State?

Your salary can change significantly depending on where you work. States with a higher cost of living and strong industrial sectors often pay more to attract Data Science Engineers. For example, consider the average annual salaries in these key locations:

District of Columbia: $164,080.
California: $163,458.
Massachusetts: $161,280.

District of Columbia $164,080 California $163,458 Massachusetts $161,280 Washington $160,687 New Jersey $160,627 Alaska $160,420 Connecticut $158,375 New York $157,545

Hawaii $154,892 Rhode Island $153,648 Maryland $152,803 Minnesota $151,647 Colorado $151,202 Illinois $151,054 Oregon $150,491 Delaware $150,076

New Hampshire $149,815 Virginia $149,231 Pennsylvania $147,527 Nevada $146,668 North Dakota $146,386 Michigan $145,941 Wisconsin $145,778 Vermont $145,452

Texas $144,548 Maine $144,489 Arizona $144,400 Ohio $144,296 Georgia $142,933 Indiana $142,251 Wyoming $142,118 Utah $141,911

Iowa $141,822 Kansas $141,110 Louisiana $140,903 North Carolina $140,829 Missouri $140,799 Florida $140,221 Montana $139,910 Nebraska $139,614

Kentucky $139,451 South Carolina $138,858 Tennessee $138,487 Idaho $138,339 New Mexico $137,257 Oklahoma $137,020 Alabama $136,146 South Dakota $134,679

Arkansas $133,878 West Virginia $133,449 Mississippi $132,159

Top Paying Cities for Data Science Engineers

Salaries can also vary between different cities. Major metropolitan areas or cities with a high demand for technicians often offer more competitive pay. Here are a few examples of average annual salaries in different U.S. cities:

Star City: $131,300
Wesley: $134,442
West Fork: $134,619

Star City, AR $131,300 Wesley, AR $134,442 West Fork, AR $134,619 Witter, AR $133,286 Russellville, AR $132,663 Alix, AR $128,543 Altus, AR $129,077 Atkins, AR $132,663

Belleville, AR $128,114 Blue Mountain, AR $128,114 Bluffton, AR $128,114 Briggsville, AR $128,114 Centerville, AR $132,663 Clarksville, AR $130,692 Coal Hill, AR $128,114 Danville, AR $130,381

Dardanelle, AR $132,663 Delaware, AR $128,114 Dover, AR $132,663 Gravelly, AR $128,114 Hagarville, AR $130,692 Hartman, AR $128,114 Harvey, AR $128,114 Havana, AR $128,114

Hector, AR $132,663 Knoxville, AR $130,692 Mc Dougal, AR $137,776 Manila, AR $137,776 Marmaduke, AR $137,776 Maynard, AR $137,776 Minturn, AR $137,776 Monette, AR $137,776

Tillar, AR $130,411 Warren, AR $131,300 Watson, AR $130,411 Wilmar, AR $131,300 Wilmot, AR $130,455 Winchester, AR $130,411 Yorktown, AR $131,300 Camden, AR $131,300

Bearden, AR $131,300 Beirne, AR $131,300 Bluff City, AR $131,300 Calion, AR $130,692 Carthage, AR $131,359 Chidester, AR $131,300 Curtis, AR $131,300 El Dorado, AR $130,692

Emerson, AR $134,768 Fordyce, AR $131,300 Gurdon, AR $131,300 Hampton, AR $131,300 Harrell, AR $131,300 Huttig, AR $130,692 Ivan, AR $131,300 Junction City, AR $130,692

Lawson, AR $130,692 Louann, AR $130,989 Mc Neil, AR $134,768 Magnolia, AR $134,768 Mount Holly, AR $132,723 Norphlet, AR $130,692 Smackover, AR $130,989 Sparkman, AR $131,300

Stephens, AR $133,034 Joiner, AR $137,776 Keiser, AR $137,776 La Grange, AR $137,776 Lambrook, AR $131,300 Lepanto, AR $137,776 Lexa, AR $137,776 Luxora, AR $137,776

Madison, AR $137,776 Marianna, AR $137,776 Marion, AR $138,813 Marked Tree, AR $137,776 Marvell, AR $137,776 Mellwood, AR $130,855 Moro, AR $137,776 Oneida, AR $133,167

Osceola, AR $137,776 Palestine, AR $137,776 Parkin, AR $137,776 Poplar Grove, AR $137,776 Proctor, AR $138,606 Rivervale, AR $137,776 Snow Lake, AR $130,411 Turner, AR $131,300

Turrell, AR $138,191 Tyronza, AR $137,776 Vanndale, AR $137,776 Wabash, AR $133,167 West Helena, AR $137,776 West Ridge, AR $137,776 Wheatley, AR $135,212 Widener, AR $137,776

Wilson, AR $137,776 Wynne, AR $137,776 Jonesboro, AR $137,776 Alicia, AR $137,776 Bay, AR $137,776 Beech Grove, AR $137,776 Biggers, AR $137,776 Black Oak, AR $137,776

Black Rock, AR $137,776 Bono, AR $137,776 Brookland, AR $137,776 Caraway, AR $137,776 Cash, AR $137,776 Corning, AR $137,776 Datto, AR $137,776 Delaplaine, AR $137,776

Dell, AR $137,776 Egypt, AR $137,776 Etowah, AR $137,776 Fisher, AR $137,776 Greenway, AR $137,776 Grubbs, AR $137,776 Harrisburg, AR $137,776 Hoxie, AR $137,776

Imboden, AR $137,776 Knobel, AR $137,776 Lafe, AR $137,776 Lake City, AR $137,776 Leachville, AR $137,776 Light, AR $137,776 Lynn, AR $137,776 London, AR $131,359

O Kean, AR $137,776 Paragould, AR $137,776 Peach Orchard, AR $137,776 Piggott, AR $137,776 Pocahontas, AR $137,776 Pollard, AR $137,776 Portia, AR $137,776 Powhatan, AR $137,776

Ravenden, AR $137,776 Ravenden Springs, AR $137,776 Rector, AR $137,776 Reyno, AR $137,776 Saint Francis, AR $137,776 Sedgwick, AR $137,776 Smithville, AR $137,776 State University, AR $137,776

Strawberry, AR $135,212 Success, AR $137,776 Swifton, AR $137,776 Trumann, AR $137,776 Tuckerman, AR $137,776 Walcott, AR $137,776 Waldenburg, AR $137,776 Walnut Ridge, AR $137,776

Warm Springs, AR $137,776 New Blaine, AR $128,114 Oark, AR $133,286 Ola, AR $132,663 Ozone, AR $133,286 Paris, AR $128,114 Pelsor, AR $133,286 Plainview, AR $132,663

Pottsville, AR $132,663 Rover, AR $130,381 Scranton, AR $128,114 Subiaco, AR $128,114 Fort Smith, AR $129,447 Alma, AR $129,181 Barling, AR $129,447 Boles, AR $128,114

Booneville, AR $128,114 Branch, AR $128,114 Cecil, AR $129,181 Cedarville, AR $129,092 Charleston, AR $128,380 Chester, AR $130,648 Dyer, AR $128,736 Greenwood, AR $129,003

Hackett, AR $129,181 Hartford, AR $128,203 Huntington, AR $128,380 Lavaca, AR $129,092 Magazine, AR $128,114 Mansfield, AR $128,203 Midland, AR $128,558 Mountainburg, AR $130,470

Mulberry, AR $129,877 Natural Dam, AR $128,647 Ozark, AR $129,773 Parks, AR $128,114 Ratcliff, AR $128,114 Rudy, AR $129,181 Uniontown, AR $129,003 Van Buren, AR $129,447

Waldron, AR $128,114 Winslow, AR $133,997 Quitman, AR $132,663 Redfield, AR $132,456 Reydell, AR $131,300 Roe, AR $131,982 Roland, AR $133,375 Romance, AR $132,663

Rose Bud, AR $132,663 Russell, AR $132,663 Saint Charles, AR $131,300 Scotland, AR $132,663 Scott, AR $133,997 Searcy, AR $132,663 Sheridan, AR $132,189 Sherrill, AR $132,367

Shirley, AR $132,663 Solgohachia, AR $132,663 Springfield, AR $132,663 Stuttgart, AR $131,685 Sweet Home, AR $133,997 Thida, AR $132,663 Tichnor, AR $130,855 Traskwood, AR $132,041

Tucker, AR $131,922 Tupelo, AR $135,212 Ulm, AR $131,641 Vilonia, AR $132,841 Wabbaseka, AR $131,744 Ward, AR $132,663 West Point, AR $132,663 Wilburn, AR $132,663

Woodson, AR $133,552 Wooster, AR $132,663 Wright, AR $132,367 Wrightsville, AR $133,997 Little Rock, AR $133,997 West Memphis, AR $138,813 Armorel, AR $137,776 Aubrey, AR $137,776

Barton, AR $137,776 Bassett, AR $137,776 Blytheville, AR $137,776 Gosnell, AR $137,776 Brickeys, AR $137,776 Burdette, AR $137,776 Caldwell, AR $137,776 Cherry Valley, AR $137,776

Clarkedale, AR $138,398 Colt, AR $137,776 Crawfordsville, AR $138,324 Tontitown, AR $134,619 Strong, AR $130,692 Thornton, AR $131,300 Waldo, AR $134,768 Whelen Springs, AR $131,300

Hope, AR $134,768 Alleene, AR $134,442 Ashdown, AR $134,442 Ben Lomond, AR $134,442 Blevins, AR $133,034 Bradley, AR $134,768 Buckner, AR $134,768 Cale, AR $133,034

Columbus, AR $134,768 De Queen, AR $128,114 Dierks, AR $128,114 Doddridge, AR $134,768 Emmet, AR $133,034 Foreman, AR $134,442 Fouke, AR $134,768 Fulton, AR $134,768

Garland City, AR $134,768 Genoa, AR $134,768 Gillham, AR $128,114 Horatio, AR $132,337 Laneburg, AR $133,034 Lewisville, AR $134,768 Lockesburg, AR $132,337 Mc Caskill, AR $132,915

Mineral Springs, AR $134,442 Nashville, AR $131,715 Ogden, AR $134,442 Texarkana, AR $134,768 Ozan, AR $133,034 Prescott, AR $131,300 Rosston, AR $133,034 Saratoga, AR $134,768

Stamps, AR $134,768 Taylor, AR $134,768 Washington, AR $133,034 Willisville, AR $134,768 Wilton, AR $134,442 Winthrop, AR $134,442 Hot Springs National Park, AR $132,663 Hot Springs Village, AR $132,663

Alpine, AR $131,982 Amity, AR $131,982 Antoine, AR $131,982 Arkadelphia, AR $131,300 Bauxite, AR $133,197 Crumrod, AR $130,855 Driver, AR $137,776 Dyess, AR $137,776

Earle, AR $137,776 Edmondson, AR $138,472 Elaine, AR $133,167 Forrest City, AR $137,776 Frenchmans Bayou, AR $138,058 Gilmore, AR $137,983 Goodwin, AR $137,776 Haynes, AR $137,776

Helena, AR $137,776 Heth, AR $137,776 Hickory Ridge, AR $137,776 Hughes, AR $137,776 Bismarck, AR $131,982 Board Camp, AR $128,114 Bonnerdale, AR $131,982 Caddo Gap, AR $130,692

Cove, AR $128,114 Delight, AR $131,982 Donaldson, AR $131,300 Friendship, AR $131,982 Glenwood, AR $131,982 Grannis, AR $128,114 Hatfield, AR $128,114 Jessieville, AR $132,663

Kirby, AR $131,982 Langley, AR $128,114 Mena, AR $128,114 Mountain Pine, AR $132,663 Mount Ida, AR $130,381 Murfreesboro, AR $130,692 Newhope, AR $128,114 Norman, AR $130,381

Oden, AR $128,114 Okolona, AR $131,300 Pearcy, AR $131,982 Pencil Bluff, AR $128,114 Royal, AR $132,663 Sims, AR $128,114 Story, AR $130,381 Umpire, AR $128,114

Vandervoort, AR $128,114 Wickes, AR $128,114 Adona, AR $132,663 Alexander, AR $133,819 Almyra, AR $131,300 Altheimer, AR $132,011 Amagon, AR $137,776 Augusta, AR $132,663

Austin, AR $132,752 Bald Knob, AR $132,663 Beebe, AR $132,663 Bee Branch, AR $132,663 Beedeville, AR $137,776 Benton, AR $132,367 Bigelow, AR $132,663 Biscoe, AR $132,663

Bradford, AR $132,663 Brinkley, AR $133,908 Bryant, AR $133,552 Cabot, AR $132,915 Carlisle, AR $132,263 Casa, AR $132,663 Casscoe, AR $131,300 Center Ridge, AR $132,663

Choctaw, AR $132,663 Clarendon, AR $131,982 Cleveland, AR $132,663 Clinton, AR $132,663 Conway, AR $132,663 Cotton Plant, AR $132,663 Coy, AR $131,967 Crocketts Bluff, AR $131,300

Damascus, AR $132,663 Des Arc, AR $132,663 De Valls Bluff, AR $132,663 De Witt, AR $131,300 Diaz, AR $137,776 Edgemont, AR $132,663 El Paso, AR $132,663 England, AR $132,234

Enola, AR $132,663 Ethel, AR $130,855 Fox, AR $132,663 Garner, AR $132,663 College Station, AR $133,997 Gillett, AR $131,300 Grapevine, AR $132,189 Greenbrier, AR $132,663

Gregory, AR $132,663 Griffithville, AR $132,663 Guy, AR $132,663 Hattieville, AR $132,663 Hazen, AR $132,441 Hensley, AR $133,552 Hickory Plains, AR $132,663 Higden, AR $132,663

Higginson, AR $132,663 Holly Grove, AR $131,982 Houston, AR $132,663 Humnoke, AR $131,907 Humphrey, AR $131,715 Hunter, AR $137,776 Jacksonport, AR $135,212 Jacksonville, AR $133,819

Jefferson, AR $132,634 Jerusalem, AR $132,663 Judsonia, AR $132,663 Kensett, AR $132,663 Keo, AR $133,286 Leola, AR $131,581 Letona, AR $132,663 Lonoke, AR $132,441

Lonsdale, AR $132,248 Weiner, AR $137,776 Williford, AR $135,212 Batesville, AR $132,663 Horseshoe Bend, AR $131,448 Ash Flat, AR $133,552 Bexar, AR $130,233 Brockwell, AR $131,448

Calico Rock, AR $131,448 Camp, AR $130,233 Cave City, AR $135,212 Charlotte, AR $135,212 Concord, AR $132,663 Cord, AR $135,212 Cherokee Village, AR $133,552 Cushman, AR $132,663

Desha, AR $132,663 Dolph, AR $131,448 Drasco, AR $132,663 Elizabeth, AR $130,233 Evening Shade, AR $132,663 Fifty Six, AR $132,663 Floral, AR $132,663 Franklin, AR $131,448

Gamaliel, AR $130,233 Gepp, AR $130,233 Glencoe, AR $131,448 Guion, AR $132,663 Hardy, AR $133,552 Heber Springs, AR $132,663 Henderson, AR $130,233 Ida, AR $132,663

Locust Grove, AR $132,663 Magness, AR $132,663 Mammoth Spring, AR $130,233 Marcella, AR $132,663 Melbourne, AR $132,663 Mountain View, AR $132,663 Mount Pleasant, AR $132,663 Newark, AR $135,212

Oil Trough, AR $132,663 Oxford, AR $131,448 Pineville, AR $131,448 Pleasant Grove, AR $132,663 Pleasant Plains, AR $132,663 Poughkeepsie, AR $135,212 Rosie, AR $132,663 Saffell, AR $137,776

Sage, AR $132,663 Salado, AR $132,663 Salem, AR $130,233 Sidney, AR $132,663 Sturkie, AR $130,233 Sulphur Rock, AR $132,663 Tumbling Shoals, AR $132,663 Viola, AR $130,233

Violet Hill, AR $131,448 Wideman, AR $131,448 Wiseman, AR $131,448 Harrison, AR $133,286 Alpena, AR $133,286 Beaver, AR $133,286 Bergman, AR $131,759 Berryville, AR $133,286

Big Flat, AR $132,663 Bull Shoals, AR $130,233 Clarkridge, AR $130,233 Compton, AR $133,286 Cotter, AR $130,233 Deer, AR $133,286 Dennard, AR $132,663 Diamond City, AR $130,233

Eureka Springs, AR $133,286 Everton, AR $133,286 Fairfield Bay, AR $132,663 Flippin, AR $130,233 Gassville, AR $130,233 Gilbert, AR $133,286 Green Forest, AR $133,286 Harriet, AR $132,974

Hasty, AR $133,286 Jasper, AR $133,286 Lakeview, AR $130,233 Lead Hill, AR $130,233 Leslie, AR $132,663 Marble Falls, AR $133,286 Marshall, AR $132,974 Midway, AR $130,233

Mountain Home, AR $130,233 Mount Judea, AR $133,286 Timbo, AR $132,663 Norfork, AR $130,233 Oak Grove, AR $133,286 Oakland, AR $130,233 Omaha, AR $130,233 Onia, AR $132,663

Parthenon, AR $133,286 Peel, AR $130,233 Pindall, AR $133,286 Ponca, AR $133,286 Pyatt, AR $131,759 Saint Joe, AR $133,286 Summit, AR $130,233 Tilly, AR $132,974

Valley Springs, AR $133,286 Vendor, AR $133,286 Western Grove, AR $133,286 Witts Springs, AR $132,974 Yellville, AR $131,759 Fayetteville, AR $134,619 Avoca, AR $133,375 Bentonville, AR $133,552

Bella Vista, AR $133,286 Canehill, AR $133,908 Cave Springs, AR $134,175 Centerton, AR $133,464 Combs, AR $132,530 Decatur, AR $133,286 Elkins, AR $134,619 Elm Springs, AR $134,531

Evansville, AR $130,989 Farmington, AR $134,619 Garfield, AR $133,286 Gateway, AR $133,286 Gentry, AR $133,375 Goshen, AR $134,619 Gravette, AR $133,286 Greenland, AR $134,619

Hindsville, AR $133,997 Hiwasse, AR $133,286 Huntsville, AR $133,464 Johnson, AR $134,619 Kingston, AR $133,286 Lincoln, AR $133,908 Lowell, AR $134,264 Maysville, AR $133,286

Morrow, AR $133,819 Pea Ridge, AR $133,286 Pettigrew, AR $133,286 Prairie Grove, AR $134,531 Rogers, AR $133,819 Saint Paul, AR $132,886 Siloam Springs, AR $133,375 Springdale, AR $134,619

Sulphur Springs, AR $133,286 Summers, AR $133,730 Rohwer, AR $130,411 Prim, AR $132,663 Little Rock Air Force Base, AR $133,908 Mc Crory, AR $135,212 Mc Rae, AR $132,663 Mabelvale, AR $133,819

Malvern, AR $131,952 Jones Mill, AR $132,115 Mayflower, AR $133,375 Menifee, AR $132,663 Monroe, AR $133,908 Morrilton, AR $132,663 Mount Vernon, AR $132,663 Newport, AR $137,776

Maumelle, AR $133,997 North Little Rock, AR $133,997 Sherwood, AR $133,997 Pangburn, AR $132,663 Paron, AR $132,663 Patterson, AR $135,212 Perry, AR $132,663 Perryville, AR $132,663

Plumerville, AR $132,663 Poyen, AR $131,848 Prattsville, AR $131,922 Lamar, AR $130,692 Pine Bluff, AR $132,634 White Hall, AR $132,634 Arkansas City, AR $130,411 Banks, AR $131,300

Crossett, AR $130,692 Dermott, AR $130,411 Dumas, AR $131,300 Eudora, AR $130,855 Fountain Hill, AR $130,411 Gould, AR $131,300 Grady, AR $131,300 Hamburg, AR $130,411

Hermitage, AR $131,300 Jersey, AR $130,692 Kingsland, AR $131,300 Lake Village, AR $131,122 Mc Gehee, AR $130,411 Monticello, AR $131,300 Montrose, AR $130,411 Moscow, AR $131,656

New Edinburg, AR $131,300 Parkdale, AR $130,411 Pickens, AR $130,411 Portland, AR $130,411 Rison, AR $131,567

Data Science Engineer Salary: Hourly Rate, Weekly Pay, and Monthly Pay

Understanding how a Data Science Engineer's annual salary breaks down can help with budgeting. Below, you can see the average hourly rate, weekly pay, and monthly pay for this role. Use the buttons to switch between different pay periods.

Last Updated on April 01, 2026

$124,517

Average $133,878/year

$144,904

$10,376

Average $11,157/month

$12,075

$2,395

Average $2,575/week

$2,787

$60

Average $64/hour

$70

	Annual Salary	Monthly Pay	Weekly Pay	Hourly Wage
75th Percentile	$144,904	$12,075	$2,787	$70
Average	$133,878	$11,157	$2,575	$64
25th Percentile	$124,517	$10,376	$2,395	$60

Salaries of jobs related to Data Science Engineer

Find Your Next Data Science Engineer Job

Ready to take the next step in your career? Browse thousands of current Data Science Engineer job openings on our job board. Use the search bar below to find your perfect match.

For Employees

Get a Salary Increase

Analyze the market and your qualifications to negotiate your salary with confidence.

Search Job Openings

Search thousands of open positions to find your next opportunity.

For Employers

Adjust Employee Salary

Individualize employee pay based on unique job requirements and personal qualifications.

Price My Industry Jobs

Get the latest market price for benchmark jobs and jobs in your industry.

Cost of Living In Arkansas

Cost of Living in Arkansas is

-9.7% Lower

than the National Average

Use Salary.com's Cost of Living Calculator to find out what income you need to maintain your standard of living in a different city and how much more or less money you need to budget for basic expenses.

Explore Cost of Living Calculator

Empower Your Team

Salary.com experts will help you thrive your workplaces.

Find Salary.com Comp Consulting

See Salary Trends in 2025

Salary.com provides salary survey data for thousands of industry Jobs.

Price Your Company Jobs and Make Pay Fair

Where Does Our Salary Data Come From?

Salary.com salary estimates, histograms, trends, and comparisons are derived from both employer job postings and third-party data sources. We also provide multiple percentiles of salary information for your reference, click here to know Why the Salary Midpoint Formula Is Crucial to Getting Pay Equity Right. With more online, real-time compensation data than any other website, Salary.com helps you determine your exact pay target.

Are you an HR manager or compensation specialist?

Salary.com's CompAnalyst platform offers:

Detailed skills and competency reports for specific positions
Job and employee pricing reports
Compensation data tools, salary structures, surveys and benchmarks.