The highest paid neurosurgery specialty in the United States is pediatric neurosurgery. This subspecialty tends to command higher salaries due to the complexity of surgeries performed on children, the specialized skills required, and the high demand for expert care in this area. Factors such as years of experience, geographic location, and the volume of cases also significantly influence a neurosurgeon's earning potential. While the median salary for neurosurgeons varies based on these factors, pediatric neurosurgeons often earn above the median because of the critical nature of their work and the specialized training involved. Overall, pediatric neurosurgery stands out as the most lucrative subspecialty within neurosurgery.