How does an assistant professor differ from an associate professor?

The distinction between an assistant professor and an associate professor is primarily a matter of hierarchy within the university. An assistant professor is essentially a beginner in the world of academia, typically holding a Ph.D. but lacking significant teaching experience. Despite this, they are still able to teach a full course load. After a number of years, they may be promoted to the rank of associate professor, often accompanied by the awarding of tenure. At this stage, they may receive increased research funding and take on greater departmental responsibilities.