Field Operator Salary in Arkansas

How much does a Field Operator make in Arkansas?

As of March 01, 2026, the average salary for a Field Operator in Arkansas is $58,028 per year, which breaks down to an hourly rate of $28.

However, a Field Operator's salary can vary significantly. Here’s a look at the typical salary range:

Top Earners (90th percentile): $69,066
Majority Range (25th-75th percentile): $53,069 to $63,806
Entry-Level (10th percentile): $48,553

Compensation Planning

Develop a Job Description

Pay Equity

2025 Compensation Trend

AI-Powered Talent

Recruit with AI

Salary Salary + Bonus Benefits

View as table

Field Operator Salaries by Percentile

	Annual Salary	Monthly Pay	Weekly Pay	Hourly Wage
75th Percentile	$63,806	$5,317	$1,227	$31
Average	$58,028	$4,836	$1,116	$28
25th Percentile	$53,069	$4,422	$1,021	$26

You may get higher pay by adjusting the following factors:

Change Search Criteria

Check out Field Operator Job Openings in Arkansas

Field Rail Equipment Operator - Safe Hands-On Tech

Loram Maintenance of Way, Inc. - Rogers, AR

Field Machine Operator I — Rail Maintenance

Loram Maintenance of Way, Inc. - Harrison, AR

Water Operator II — Field Systems & Maintenance Pro

Liberty Utilities - Pine Bluff, AR

Railway Machine Operator I – Field Tech, 100% Travel

Loram Maintenance of Way, Inc. - Fort Smith, AR

Search More Field Operator Jobs in Arkansas

Key Factors That Influence Field Operator Salaries

A Field Operator's salary isn't a fixed number. It's shaped by several important factors. Below, we'll explore how your years of experience, geographic location and company size can directly affect your earning potential.

How Experience Level Affects Field Operator Salaries?

Experience is a primary driver of a Field Operator's salary. As you build your skills and take on more complex tasks, your compensation generally increases. Here's how the average salary grows at different career stages:

Entry-Level (less than 1 year): $57,603
Early Career (1-2 years): $64,496
Mid-Level (2-4 years): $79,346
Senior-Level (5-8 years): $87,622
Expert (over 8 years): $103,440

Levels	Salary
Field Ope... Level Field Operator	$57,603
Field Ope... Level Field Operator	$64,496
Field Ope... Level Field Operator	$79,346
Field Ope... Level Field Operator	$87,622
Field Ope... Level Field Operator	$103,440

View as Graph

What Am I Worth?

How Do Field Operator Salaries Vary from State to State?

Your salary can change significantly depending on where you work. States with a higher cost of living and strong industrial sectors often pay more to attract Field Operators. For example, consider the average annual salaries in these key locations:

District of Columbia: $71,119.
California: $70,849.
Massachusetts: $69,905.

District of Columbia $71,119 California $70,849 Massachusetts $69,905 Washington $69,648 New Jersey $69,622 Alaska $69,532 Connecticut $68,646 New York $68,286

Hawaii $67,136 Rhode Island $66,597 Maryland $66,230 Minnesota $65,729 Colorado $65,537 Illinois $65,472 Oregon $65,228 Delaware $65,049

New Hampshire $64,936 Virginia $64,682 Pennsylvania $63,944 Nevada $63,571 North Dakota $63,449 Michigan $63,256 Wisconsin $63,186 Vermont $63,044

Texas $62,653 Maine $62,627 Arizona $62,588 Ohio $62,543 Georgia $61,953 Indiana $61,657 Wyoming $61,599 Utah $61,509

Iowa $61,471 Kansas $61,162 Louisiana $61,073 North Carolina $61,040 Missouri $61,028 Florida $60,777 Montana $60,642 Nebraska $60,514

Kentucky $60,443 South Carolina $60,186 Tennessee $60,026 Idaho $59,961 New Mexico $59,492 Oklahoma $59,390 Alabama $59,011 South Dakota $58,375

Arkansas $58,028 West Virginia $57,842 Mississippi $57,283

Top Paying Cities for Field Operators

Salaries can also vary between different cities. Major metropolitan areas or cities with a high demand for technicians often offer more competitive pay. Here are a few examples of average annual salaries in different U.S. cities:

Star City: $56,910
Wesley: $58,272
West Fork: $58,349

Star City, AR $56,910 Wesley, AR $58,272 West Fork, AR $58,349 Witter, AR $57,771 Russellville, AR $57,501 Alix, AR $55,716 Altus, AR $55,947 Atkins, AR $57,501

Belleville, AR $55,529 Blue Mountain, AR $55,529 Bluffton, AR $55,529 Briggsville, AR $55,529 Centerville, AR $57,501 Clarksville, AR $56,647 Coal Hill, AR $55,529 Danville, AR $56,512

Dardanelle, AR $57,501 Delaware, AR $55,529 Dover, AR $57,501 Gravelly, AR $55,529 Hagarville, AR $56,647 Hartman, AR $55,529 Harvey, AR $55,529 Havana, AR $55,529

Hector, AR $57,501 Knoxville, AR $56,647 Mc Dougal, AR $59,717 Manila, AR $59,717 Marmaduke, AR $59,717 Maynard, AR $59,717 Minturn, AR $59,717 Monette, AR $59,717

Tillar, AR $56,525 Warren, AR $56,910 Watson, AR $56,525 Wilmar, AR $56,910 Wilmot, AR $56,544 Winchester, AR $56,525 Yorktown, AR $56,910 Camden, AR $56,910

Bearden, AR $56,910 Beirne, AR $56,910 Bluff City, AR $56,910 Calion, AR $56,647 Carthage, AR $56,936 Chidester, AR $56,910 Curtis, AR $56,910 El Dorado, AR $56,647

Emerson, AR $58,413 Fordyce, AR $56,910 Gurdon, AR $56,910 Hampton, AR $56,910 Harrell, AR $56,910 Huttig, AR $56,647 Ivan, AR $56,910 Junction City, AR $56,647

Lawson, AR $56,647 Louann, AR $56,775 Mc Neil, AR $58,413 Magnolia, AR $58,413 Mount Holly, AR $57,527 Norphlet, AR $56,647 Smackover, AR $56,775 Sparkman, AR $56,910

Stephens, AR $57,662 Joiner, AR $59,717 Keiser, AR $59,717 La Grange, AR $59,717 Lambrook, AR $56,910 Lepanto, AR $59,717 Lexa, AR $59,717 Luxora, AR $59,717

Madison, AR $59,717 Marianna, AR $59,717 Marion, AR $60,167 Marked Tree, AR $59,717 Marvell, AR $59,717 Mellwood, AR $56,718 Moro, AR $59,717 Oneida, AR $57,720

Osceola, AR $59,717 Palestine, AR $59,717 Parkin, AR $59,717 Poplar Grove, AR $59,717 Proctor, AR $60,077 Rivervale, AR $59,717 Snow Lake, AR $56,525 Turner, AR $56,910

Turrell, AR $59,897 Tyronza, AR $59,717 Vanndale, AR $59,717 Wabash, AR $57,720 West Helena, AR $59,717 West Ridge, AR $59,717 Wheatley, AR $58,606 Widener, AR $59,717

Wilson, AR $59,717 Wynne, AR $59,717 Jonesboro, AR $59,717 Alicia, AR $59,717 Bay, AR $59,717 Beech Grove, AR $59,717 Biggers, AR $59,717 Black Oak, AR $59,717

Black Rock, AR $59,717 Bono, AR $59,717 Brookland, AR $59,717 Caraway, AR $59,717 Cash, AR $59,717 Corning, AR $59,717 Datto, AR $59,717 Delaplaine, AR $59,717

Dell, AR $59,717 Egypt, AR $59,717 Etowah, AR $59,717 Fisher, AR $59,717 Greenway, AR $59,717 Grubbs, AR $59,717 Harrisburg, AR $59,717 Hoxie, AR $59,717

Imboden, AR $59,717 Knobel, AR $59,717 Lafe, AR $59,717 Lake City, AR $59,717 Leachville, AR $59,717 Light, AR $59,717 Lynn, AR $59,717 London, AR $56,936

O Kean, AR $59,717 Paragould, AR $59,717 Peach Orchard, AR $59,717 Piggott, AR $59,717 Pocahontas, AR $59,717 Pollard, AR $59,717 Portia, AR $59,717 Powhatan, AR $59,717

Ravenden, AR $59,717 Ravenden Springs, AR $59,717 Rector, AR $59,717 Reyno, AR $59,717 Saint Francis, AR $59,717 Sedgwick, AR $59,717 Smithville, AR $59,717 State University, AR $59,717

Strawberry, AR $58,606 Success, AR $59,717 Swifton, AR $59,717 Trumann, AR $59,717 Tuckerman, AR $59,717 Walcott, AR $59,717 Waldenburg, AR $59,717 Walnut Ridge, AR $59,717

Warm Springs, AR $59,717 New Blaine, AR $55,529 Oark, AR $57,771 Ola, AR $57,501 Ozone, AR $57,771 Paris, AR $55,529 Pelsor, AR $57,771 Plainview, AR $57,501

Pottsville, AR $57,501 Rover, AR $56,512 Scranton, AR $55,529 Subiaco, AR $55,529 Fort Smith, AR $56,107 Alma, AR $55,992 Barling, AR $56,107 Boles, AR $55,529

Booneville, AR $55,529 Branch, AR $55,529 Cecil, AR $55,992 Cedarville, AR $55,953 Charleston, AR $55,645 Chester, AR $56,628 Dyer, AR $55,799 Greenwood, AR $55,915

Hackett, AR $55,992 Hartford, AR $55,568 Huntington, AR $55,645 Lavaca, AR $55,953 Magazine, AR $55,529 Mansfield, AR $55,568 Midland, AR $55,722 Mountainburg, AR $56,551

Mulberry, AR $56,294 Natural Dam, AR $55,760 Ozark, AR $56,249 Parks, AR $55,529 Ratcliff, AR $55,529 Rudy, AR $55,992 Uniontown, AR $55,915 Van Buren, AR $56,107

Waldron, AR $55,529 Winslow, AR $58,079 Quitman, AR $57,501 Redfield, AR $57,411 Reydell, AR $56,910 Roe, AR $57,206 Roland, AR $57,810 Romance, AR $57,501

Rose Bud, AR $57,501 Russell, AR $57,501 Saint Charles, AR $56,910 Scotland, AR $57,501 Scott, AR $58,079 Searcy, AR $57,501 Sheridan, AR $57,296 Sherrill, AR $57,373

Shirley, AR $57,501 Solgohachia, AR $57,501 Springfield, AR $57,501 Stuttgart, AR $57,077 Sweet Home, AR $58,079 Thida, AR $57,501 Tichnor, AR $56,718 Traskwood, AR $57,231

Tucker, AR $57,180 Tupelo, AR $58,606 Ulm, AR $57,058 Vilonia, AR $57,578 Wabbaseka, AR $57,103 Ward, AR $57,501 West Point, AR $57,501 Wilburn, AR $57,501

Woodson, AR $57,887 Wooster, AR $57,501 Wright, AR $57,373 Wrightsville, AR $58,079 Little Rock, AR $58,079 West Memphis, AR $60,167 Armorel, AR $59,717 Aubrey, AR $59,717

Barton, AR $59,717 Bassett, AR $59,717 Blytheville, AR $59,717 Gosnell, AR $59,717 Brickeys, AR $59,717 Burdette, AR $59,717 Caldwell, AR $59,717 Cherry Valley, AR $59,717

Clarkedale, AR $59,987 Colt, AR $59,717 Crawfordsville, AR $59,955 Tontitown, AR $58,349 Strong, AR $56,647 Thornton, AR $56,910 Waldo, AR $58,413 Whelen Springs, AR $56,910

Hope, AR $58,413 Alleene, AR $58,272 Ashdown, AR $58,272 Ben Lomond, AR $58,272 Blevins, AR $57,662 Bradley, AR $58,413 Buckner, AR $58,413 Cale, AR $57,662

Columbus, AR $58,413 De Queen, AR $55,529 Dierks, AR $55,529 Doddridge, AR $58,413 Emmet, AR $57,662 Foreman, AR $58,272 Fouke, AR $58,413 Fulton, AR $58,413

Garland City, AR $58,413 Genoa, AR $58,413 Gillham, AR $55,529 Horatio, AR $57,360 Laneburg, AR $57,662 Lewisville, AR $58,413 Lockesburg, AR $57,360 Mc Caskill, AR $57,610

Mineral Springs, AR $58,272 Nashville, AR $57,090 Ogden, AR $58,272 Texarkana, AR $58,413 Ozan, AR $57,662 Prescott, AR $56,910 Rosston, AR $57,662 Saratoga, AR $58,413

Stamps, AR $58,413 Taylor, AR $58,413 Washington, AR $57,662 Willisville, AR $58,413 Wilton, AR $58,272 Winthrop, AR $58,272 Hot Springs National Park, AR $57,501 Hot Springs Village, AR $57,501

Alpine, AR $57,206 Amity, AR $57,206 Antoine, AR $57,206 Arkadelphia, AR $56,910 Bauxite, AR $57,732 Crumrod, AR $56,718 Driver, AR $59,717 Dyess, AR $59,717

Earle, AR $59,717 Edmondson, AR $60,019 Elaine, AR $57,720 Forrest City, AR $59,717 Frenchmans Bayou, AR $59,839 Gilmore, AR $59,807 Goodwin, AR $59,717 Haynes, AR $59,717

Helena, AR $59,717 Heth, AR $59,717 Hickory Ridge, AR $59,717 Hughes, AR $59,717 Bismarck, AR $57,206 Board Camp, AR $55,529 Bonnerdale, AR $57,206 Caddo Gap, AR $56,647

Cove, AR $55,529 Delight, AR $57,206 Donaldson, AR $56,910 Friendship, AR $57,206 Glenwood, AR $57,206 Grannis, AR $55,529 Hatfield, AR $55,529 Jessieville, AR $57,501

Kirby, AR $57,206 Langley, AR $55,529 Mena, AR $55,529 Mountain Pine, AR $57,501 Mount Ida, AR $56,512 Murfreesboro, AR $56,647 Newhope, AR $55,529 Norman, AR $56,512

Oden, AR $55,529 Okolona, AR $56,910 Pearcy, AR $57,206 Pencil Bluff, AR $55,529 Royal, AR $57,501 Sims, AR $55,529 Story, AR $56,512 Umpire, AR $55,529

Vandervoort, AR $55,529 Wickes, AR $55,529 Adona, AR $57,501 Alexander, AR $58,002 Almyra, AR $56,910 Altheimer, AR $57,219 Amagon, AR $59,717 Augusta, AR $57,501

Austin, AR $57,540 Bald Knob, AR $57,501 Beebe, AR $57,501 Bee Branch, AR $57,501 Beedeville, AR $59,717 Benton, AR $57,373 Bigelow, AR $57,501 Biscoe, AR $57,501

Bradford, AR $57,501 Brinkley, AR $58,041 Bryant, AR $57,887 Cabot, AR $57,610 Carlisle, AR $57,328 Casa, AR $57,501 Casscoe, AR $56,910 Center Ridge, AR $57,501

Choctaw, AR $57,501 Clarendon, AR $57,206 Cleveland, AR $57,501 Clinton, AR $57,501 Conway, AR $57,501 Cotton Plant, AR $57,501 Coy, AR $57,199 Crocketts Bluff, AR $56,910

Damascus, AR $57,501 Des Arc, AR $57,501 De Valls Bluff, AR $57,501 De Witt, AR $56,910 Diaz, AR $59,717 Edgemont, AR $57,501 El Paso, AR $57,501 England, AR $57,315

Enola, AR $57,501 Ethel, AR $56,718 Fox, AR $57,501 Garner, AR $57,501 College Station, AR $58,079 Gillett, AR $56,910 Grapevine, AR $57,296 Greenbrier, AR $57,501

Gregory, AR $57,501 Griffithville, AR $57,501 Guy, AR $57,501 Hattieville, AR $57,501 Hazen, AR $57,405 Hensley, AR $57,887 Hickory Plains, AR $57,501 Higden, AR $57,501

Higginson, AR $57,501 Holly Grove, AR $57,206 Houston, AR $57,501 Humnoke, AR $57,174 Humphrey, AR $57,090 Hunter, AR $59,717 Jacksonport, AR $58,606 Jacksonville, AR $58,002

Jefferson, AR $57,488 Jerusalem, AR $57,501 Judsonia, AR $57,501 Kensett, AR $57,501 Keo, AR $57,771 Leola, AR $57,032 Letona, AR $57,501 Lonoke, AR $57,405

Lonsdale, AR $57,321 Weiner, AR $59,717 Williford, AR $58,606 Batesville, AR $57,501 Horseshoe Bend, AR $56,974 Ash Flat, AR $57,887 Bexar, AR $56,448 Brockwell, AR $56,974

Calico Rock, AR $56,974 Camp, AR $56,448 Cave City, AR $58,606 Charlotte, AR $58,606 Concord, AR $57,501 Cord, AR $58,606 Cherokee Village, AR $57,887 Cushman, AR $57,501

Desha, AR $57,501 Dolph, AR $56,974 Drasco, AR $57,501 Elizabeth, AR $56,448 Evening Shade, AR $57,501 Fifty Six, AR $57,501 Floral, AR $57,501 Franklin, AR $56,974

Gamaliel, AR $56,448 Gepp, AR $56,448 Glencoe, AR $56,974 Guion, AR $57,501 Hardy, AR $57,887 Heber Springs, AR $57,501 Henderson, AR $56,448 Ida, AR $57,501

Locust Grove, AR $57,501 Magness, AR $57,501 Mammoth Spring, AR $56,448 Marcella, AR $57,501 Melbourne, AR $57,501 Mountain View, AR $57,501 Mount Pleasant, AR $57,501 Newark, AR $58,606

Oil Trough, AR $57,501 Oxford, AR $56,974 Pineville, AR $56,974 Pleasant Grove, AR $57,501 Pleasant Plains, AR $57,501 Poughkeepsie, AR $58,606 Rosie, AR $57,501 Saffell, AR $59,717

Sage, AR $57,501 Salado, AR $57,501 Salem, AR $56,448 Sidney, AR $57,501 Sturkie, AR $56,448 Sulphur Rock, AR $57,501 Tumbling Shoals, AR $57,501 Viola, AR $56,448

Violet Hill, AR $56,974 Wideman, AR $56,974 Wiseman, AR $56,974 Harrison, AR $57,771 Alpena, AR $57,771 Beaver, AR $57,771 Bergman, AR $57,109 Berryville, AR $57,771

Big Flat, AR $57,501 Bull Shoals, AR $56,448 Clarkridge, AR $56,448 Compton, AR $57,771 Cotter, AR $56,448 Deer, AR $57,771 Dennard, AR $57,501 Diamond City, AR $56,448

Eureka Springs, AR $57,771 Everton, AR $57,771 Fairfield Bay, AR $57,501 Flippin, AR $56,448 Gassville, AR $56,448 Gilbert, AR $57,771 Green Forest, AR $57,771 Harriet, AR $57,636

Hasty, AR $57,771 Jasper, AR $57,771 Lakeview, AR $56,448 Lead Hill, AR $56,448 Leslie, AR $57,501 Marble Falls, AR $57,771 Marshall, AR $57,636 Midway, AR $56,448

Mountain Home, AR $56,448 Mount Judea, AR $57,771 Timbo, AR $57,501 Norfork, AR $56,448 Oak Grove, AR $57,771 Oakland, AR $56,448 Omaha, AR $56,448 Onia, AR $57,501

Parthenon, AR $57,771 Peel, AR $56,448 Pindall, AR $57,771 Ponca, AR $57,771 Pyatt, AR $57,109 Saint Joe, AR $57,771 Summit, AR $56,448 Tilly, AR $57,636

Valley Springs, AR $57,771 Vendor, AR $57,771 Western Grove, AR $57,771 Witts Springs, AR $57,636 Yellville, AR $57,109 Fayetteville, AR $58,349 Avoca, AR $57,810 Bentonville, AR $57,887

Bella Vista, AR $57,771 Canehill, AR $58,041 Cave Springs, AR $58,156 Centerton, AR $57,848 Combs, AR $57,443 Decatur, AR $57,771 Elkins, AR $58,349 Elm Springs, AR $58,311

Evansville, AR $56,775 Farmington, AR $58,349 Garfield, AR $57,771 Gateway, AR $57,771 Gentry, AR $57,810 Goshen, AR $58,349 Gravette, AR $57,771 Greenland, AR $58,349

Hindsville, AR $58,079 Hiwasse, AR $57,771 Huntsville, AR $57,848 Johnson, AR $58,349 Kingston, AR $57,771 Lincoln, AR $58,041 Lowell, AR $58,195 Maysville, AR $57,771

Morrow, AR $58,002 Pea Ridge, AR $57,771 Pettigrew, AR $57,771 Prairie Grove, AR $58,311 Rogers, AR $58,002 Saint Paul, AR $57,598 Siloam Springs, AR $57,810 Springdale, AR $58,349

Sulphur Springs, AR $57,771 Summers, AR $57,964 Rohwer, AR $56,525 Prim, AR $57,501 Little Rock Air Force Base, AR $58,041 Mc Crory, AR $58,606 Mc Rae, AR $57,501 Mabelvale, AR $58,002

Malvern, AR $57,193 Jones Mill, AR $57,264 Mayflower, AR $57,810 Menifee, AR $57,501 Monroe, AR $58,041 Morrilton, AR $57,501 Mount Vernon, AR $57,501 Newport, AR $59,717

Maumelle, AR $58,079 North Little Rock, AR $58,079 Sherwood, AR $58,079 Pangburn, AR $57,501 Paron, AR $57,501 Patterson, AR $58,606 Perry, AR $57,501 Perryville, AR $57,501

Plumerville, AR $57,501 Poyen, AR $57,148 Prattsville, AR $57,180 Lamar, AR $56,647 Pine Bluff, AR $57,488 White Hall, AR $57,488 Arkansas City, AR $56,525 Banks, AR $56,910

Crossett, AR $56,647 Dermott, AR $56,525 Dumas, AR $56,910 Eudora, AR $56,718 Fountain Hill, AR $56,525 Gould, AR $56,910 Grady, AR $56,910 Hamburg, AR $56,525

Hermitage, AR $56,910 Jersey, AR $56,647 Kingsland, AR $56,910 Lake Village, AR $56,833 Mc Gehee, AR $56,525 Monticello, AR $56,910 Montrose, AR $56,525 Moscow, AR $57,064

New Edinburg, AR $56,910 Parkdale, AR $56,525 Pickens, AR $56,525 Portland, AR $56,525 Rison, AR $57,026

Field Operator Salary: Hourly Rate, Weekly Pay, and Monthly Pay

Understanding how a Field Operator's annual salary breaks down can help with budgeting. Below, you can see the average hourly rate, weekly pay, and monthly pay for this role. Use the buttons to switch between different pay periods.

Last Updated on March 01, 2026

$53,069

Average $58,028/year

$63,806

$4,422

Average $4,836/month

$5,317

$1,021

Average $1,116/week

$1,227

$26

Average $28/hour

$31

	Annual Salary	Monthly Pay	Weekly Pay	Hourly Wage
75th Percentile	$63,806	$5,317	$1,227	$31
Average	$58,028	$4,836	$1,116	$28
25th Percentile	$53,069	$4,422	$1,021	$26

Salaries of jobs related to Field Operator

Find Your Next Field Operator Job

Ready to take the next step in your career? Browse thousands of current Field Operator job openings on our job board. Use the search bar below to find your perfect match.

For Employees

Get a Salary Increase

Analyze the market and your qualifications to negotiate your salary with confidence.

Search Job Openings

Search thousands of open positions to find your next opportunity.

For Employers

Adjust Employee Salary

Individualize employee pay based on unique job requirements and personal qualifications.

Price My Industry Jobs

Get the latest market price for benchmark jobs and jobs in your industry.

Cost of Living In Arkansas

Cost of Living in Arkansas is

-9.7% Lower

than the National Average

Use Salary.com's Cost of Living Calculator to find out what income you need to maintain your standard of living in a different city and how much more or less money you need to budget for basic expenses.

Explore Cost of Living Calculator

Empower Your Team

Salary.com experts will help you thrive your workplaces.

Find Salary.com Comp Consulting

See Salary Trends in 2025

Salary.com provides salary survey data for thousands of industry Jobs.

Price Your Company Jobs and Make Pay Fair

Where Does Our Salary Data Come From?

Salary.com salary estimates, histograms, trends, and comparisons are derived from both employer job postings and third-party data sources. We also provide multiple percentiles of salary information for your reference, click here to know Why the Salary Midpoint Formula Is Crucial to Getting Pay Equity Right. With more online, real-time compensation data than any other website, Salary.com helps you determine your exact pay target.

Are you an HR manager or compensation specialist?

Salary.com's CompAnalyst platform offers:

Detailed skills and competency reports for specific positions
Job and employee pricing reports
Compensation data tools, salary structures, surveys and benchmarks.